ENGINEERING SCIENCES. Construction technology

Karpenko N., Yarmakovsky V.

NIKOLAI I. KARPENKO, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of the Strength and Quality Problems in the Building, Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences. 21 Locomotive St. Moscow, Russia, 127238, e-mail: niisf_lab9@mail.ru 
VIATCHASLAV N. YARMAKOVSKY, Candidate of Technics, Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Energy Saving Lightweight Concretes and Constructions, Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, RAABS. 21 Locomotive St. Moscow, Russia, 127238, e-mail: yarmakovsky@yandex.ru 

Structural lightweight concrete for oil platforms of the Northern tidal seas and the seas of the Far East

The article presents a scientific conception of the effectiveness of the usage of structural lightweight concretes, mainly high-strength ones, for the members of the constructive frames of oil platforms. It contains the data confirming the validity of the conception and illustrating the advantages of lightweight concretes to solve this problem in comparison with heavy (normal) ones of equal strength.

Key words: oil platform, lightweight aggregate concrete, heavy concrete, steel reinforcement, composite binders, strength, deformability, durability, corrosion resistance.

REFERENCES

1. Bremner T., Yarmakovsky V. Lightweight concrete – state and perspectives. Proceedings of the II international. conference on concrete and reinforced concrete “Concrete and reinforced concrete – ways of development”, 5–9 September 2005. Vol. 1. Plenary session. M., Deepak, 2005, p. 65-83. (in Russ.). [Bremner T.U., Yarmakovskiy V.N. Legkiy beton – sostoyanie i perspektivy // Trudy II Mezhdunarodn. konf. po betonu i zhelezobetonu «Beton i zhelezobeton – puti razvitiya», 5–9 sentyabrya 2005 g. T. 1. Plenarnye doklady. M.: Dipak, 2005. S. 65-83].

2. Binder. Copyright certificate № 1733413 on the invention. Yarmakovsky V.N., Chan C.A., Torpishev Sh. K., et. al. State. register. January 15, 1992. (in Russ.). [Vyazhuschee. Avtorskoe svidetel'stvo № 1733413 na izobretenie. Yarmakovskiy V.N., Tyan V.A., Torpischev Sh.K. i dr. Gos. registr. 15 yanvarya 1992 g.].

3. GOST 25820-2000. Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Technical conditions. (in Russ.). [GOST 25820-2000. Betony legkie. Tehnicheskie usloviya].

4. Il'ichev V.A., Karpenko N. I., Yarmakovsky V.N. Development of the construction materials production on the basis of by-products. J. of Building materials. 2011;4:36-42. (in Russ.). [ Il'ichev V.A., Karpenko N.I., Yarmakovskiy V.N. O razvitii proizvodstva stroitel'nyh materialov na osnove vtorichnyh produktov promyshlennosti // Stroitel'nye materialy. 2011. № 4. S. 36-42].

5. Karpenko N.I., Karpenko S.N., Yarmakovsky V.N., Erofeev V.T. The modern methods of ensuring durability of reinforced concrete structures. Academy. 2015;1:93-102. (in Russ.). [Karpenko N.I., Karpenko S.N., Yarmakovskiy V.N., Erofeev V.T. O sovremennyh metodah obespecheniya dolgovechnosti zhelezobetonnyh konstruktsiy // Akademiya. 2015. № 1. S. 93-102].

6. Karpenko N.I., Yarmakovsky V.N. Structural concrete of new modifications for the lightweight skeletons of buildings and construction. The Russian construction industry. Official publication of the RF Ministry of regional development. M., 2011, p. 122-127. (in Russ.). [Karpenko N.I., Yarmakovskiy V.N. Konstruktsionnye betony novyh modifikatsiy dlya oblegchennyh karkasov zdaniy i sooruzheniy // Rossiyskiy stroitel'nyj kompleks. Ofitsial'noe izdanie Minregionrazvitiya RF. M., 2011. S. 122-127].

7. Curton F. Market prospects of the slag cements in Europe. Cement and its application. 2006;5:12-16. [Kerton F. Perspektivy rynka shlakovyh tsementov v Evrope // Tsement i ego primenenie. 2006. N 5. S. 12-16].

8. Moskvin V.M., Ivanov F.M., Alekseev S.N., Guzeev E.A. Corrosion of concrete and reinforced concrete, methods of their protection. M., Stroyizdat, 1980. 536 р. (in Russ.). [Moskvin V.M., Ivanov F.M., Alekseev S.N., Guzeev E.A. Korroziya betona i zhelezobetona, metody ih zaschity. M.: Stroyizdat. 1980. 536 s.].

9. Moskvin V.M., Kapkin M.M., Savitsky A.N., Yarmakovsky V.N. Concrete for construction in the severe climatic conditions. L., Stroyizdat, 1973. 172 р. (in Russ.). [Moskvin V.M., Kapkin M.M., Savitskiy A.N., Yarmakovskiy V.N. Beton dlya stroitel'stva v surovyh klimaticheskih usloviyah. L.: Stroyizdat, 1973. 172 s.].

10. Petrov V.P., Macridin N.I., Sokolova Yu.A., Yarmakovsky V.N. Technology and material science of porous aggregates and lightweight concrete. M., Paleotip, 2013. 332 p. (in Russ.). [Petrov V.P., Makridin N.I., Sokolova Yu.A., Yarmakovskiy V.N. Tehnologiya i materialovedenie poristyh zapolniteley i legkih betonov. M.: Paleotip, 2013. 332 s.].

11. Recommendations for use of bauxite sludge of alumina production in the production of alumina in the composite binders, concretes and building mortar. NIIZHB. M., 1990. 29 p. (in Russ.). [Rekomendatsii po primeneniyu boksitovyh shlamov glinozemnogo proizvodstva v kompozitsionnyh vyazhuschih, betonah i stroitel'nyh rastvorah / NIIZhB. M., 1990. 29 s.].

12. Sviridov V.N., Maluk V.D. Evaluation of durability of concrete in marine designs on experience of Far East construction. Proceeding of 2 Internat. conf. of concrete and reinforced concrete “Concrete and reinforced concrete – look into the future”, Moscow, 12-16 May, 2014. M., 2014.Vol. 3, p. 388-398. (in Russ.). [Sviridov V.N., Malyuk V.D. Otsenka dolgovechnosti betona v konstruktsiyah morskih sooruzheniy po opytu stroitel'stva na Dal'nem Vostoke // Trudy 2 Mezhdunar. konf. po betonu i zhelezobetonu “Beton i zhelezobeton – vzglyad v buduschee”, Moskva, 12-16 maya 2014 g. M., 2014. T. 3. 
S. 388-398
].

13. Strategy of development of building materials industry for the period up to 2020 th Years. RF Ministry of regional development (at participation RAABS). M., 2008. 58 p. (in Russ.). [Strategiya razvitiya promyshlennosti stroitel'nyh materialov na period do 2020 goda / Minregionrazvitiya RF (s uchastiem RAASN). M., 2008, 58 p.].

14. Harder Y. Сlinker substitutes in the cement industry. Cement. The lime. The gypsum. ZKG International. 2006;2:26-31. (in Russ.). [Harder Y. Zameniteli klinkera v tsementnoy promyshlennosti // Tsement. Izvest'. Gips. ZKG International. 2006. № 2. S. 26-31].

15. Herdt R., Determann M., Schmidt K. The Durability of concretes on the basis of multicomponent cements. Cement and its application. 2011;1:76-80. (in Russ.). [Herdt R., Ditermann M., Shmidt K. Dolgovechnost' betonov na osnove mnogokomponentnyh tsementov // Tsement i ego primenenie. 2011. № 1. S. 76-80].

16. Yudovich B.E., Zubehin S.A., Rahovsky V.I, Klimov S.B. New model of the cement stone and materials based on it. Proceedings of the 23 International meeting of heads of laboratories cement plants. M., Stroyizdat, 2010. (in Russ.). [Yudovich B.E., Zubehin S.A., Rahovskiy V.I., Klimov S.B. Novoe o modeli tsementnogo kamnya i materialov na ego osnove // Trudy 23 Mezhdunarodnogo soveschaniya zaveduyuschih laboratoriy tsementnyh zavodov. M.: Stroyizdat, 2010].

17. Yudovich B.E., Zubehin S.A. About reducing the clinker factor in the Portland cement up to 60% level and below, while improving its technical properties. Industrial testing in Russia. Sat. conf. presentations “CemEnergy”. Saint-Petersburg, 2012, p. 35-43. (in Russ.). [Yudovich B.E., Zubehin S.A. O snizhenii klinker-faktora v portlandtsemente do 60% urovnya i nizhe pri uluchshenii ego tehnicheskih svoystv. Promyshlennoe aprobirovanie v Rossii // Sb. dokladov konferentsii “CemEnergy”. Sankt-Peterburg, 2012. S. 35-43].

18. Yarmakovsky V.N. About the calculation method for reinforced concrete structures with the increased frost re-sistance. Improving durability of concrete and reinforced concrete when exposed to aggressive environments, ed. V.M. Moskvin. M., Stroyizdat, 1975, р.34-38. (in Russ.). [Yarmakovskiy V.N. O metode rascheta zhelezobetonnyh konstruktsiy povyshennoy morozostoykosti // Povyshenie stoykosti betona i zhelezobetona pri vozdeystvii agressivnyh sred, pod red. Moskvina V.M. M.: Stroyizdat, 1975. S. 34-38].

19. Yarmakovsky V.N., Malinina L.A. New principles of by-products recycling. Russian architectural encyclopedia. Vol. 5. Science, materials and technologies in the construction of Russia in XXI century. M., Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, 1998, р. 165-210. (in Russ.).[Yarmakovskiy V.N., Malinina L.A. Novye printsipy utilizatsii tehnogennyh othodov // Rossiyskaya arhitekturno-stroitel'naya entsiklopediya. T. 5. Nauka, materialy i tehnologii v stroitel'stve Rossii XXI veka. M.: Gosstroy RF, 1998. S. 165-210].

20. Yarmakovsky V.N., Chan V.A., Torpishev Sh. K. Features of the cement hardening with additive of the bauxite sludge. Izvestiya vuzov. Construction and architecture. 1990;7:56-59. (in Russ.). [Yarmakovskiy V.N., Tyan V.A., Torpischev Sh.K. Osobennosti tverdeniya tsementov s dobavkoy boksitovogo shlama // Izvestiya VUZov. Stroitel'stvo i arhitektura. 1990. N 7. S. 56-59].

21. Yarmakovsky V.N., Shkolnik J.Sh. Composite binders with low content clinker. State and perspectives of manufacturing and application in concrete. Proceedings of intern. science -practical. conf. “High temperature materials and technologies in the XXI century”, Moscow, Nov. 12–13, 2008. M., 2008. P. 16-22. (in Russ.). [Yarmakovskiy V.N., Shkol'nik Ya.Sh. Kompozitsionnye maloklinkernye vyazhuschie. Sostoyanie, perspektivy proizvodstva i primeneniya v betonah // Trudy Mezhdunarodn. nauchn.-prakt. konf. “Vysokotemperaturnye materialy i tehnologii v XXI veke”, Moskva, 12–13 noyabrya 2008 g. T. 1. Plenarnye doklady. M., 2008. S. 16-22].

22. ASTM C330 / C330M – 09 Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete.

23. ASTM International News Releases. ASTM Concrete Committee at Work on Proposed Lightweight Aggregates Standard.

24. British standard BS EN 13055-1:2002 L.1. Part 1 Lightweight Aggregate for concrete, mortar and grout.

25. EN 197.1 Part I Cement. Technical Codes. 2000.

26. Helland S., Aarstein R., Maage M. In-field performance of North Sea offshore platforms with regard to chloride resistance. Structural Concrete (J. of fib). 2010(11);1:15-24.

27. Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Codes and standards. State-of-art report prepared by Task Group 8.1. CEB-FIP (fib). Stuttgart, 1999. 44 p.

28. Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Recommended extension to Model Code 90, Guide. Identification of research needs, technical report. Case Studies, State-of-art report, CEB-FIP (fib). Stuttgart, 2000. 256 p.

29. Spitzer J.A. Review of the Development of Lightweight Aggregate – History and Actual Survey. Intern. Symp. on Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Sandefiord. Norway, 2000. 13-22 p.