Oriental Institute Journal, 2018, №40 (4)
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HISTORY
UDC 94(571.6)+325.3(34) doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/6-18
A comparative analysis of the all-Russian migration legislation and the norms of peasant resettlement in the Amur region in the second half of the 19th century was carried out in this paper. In terms of the most characteristic features two regulatory regimes were identified: 1859/1861 – for the whole Amur region, and 1866/1882 – for the South Ussuri region. The existence of the special regime of 1866/1882 was due to the need to attract residents to remote and vulnerable areas. The characteristic features of the resettlement legislation for the Amur region were as follows: freedom of settling, free use of state land, the possibility of acquiring land for property, and a high rate of land security. These features played a decisive role in the popularization of the Amur resettlement region and contributed to the influx of the agricultural population. After the establishment of a reliable sea and rail link between the Far East and the central part of Russia, preferential resettlement conditions were limited in 1900.
Key words: Amur Region, Maritime Province, resettlement, resettlement peasants, migration legislation, resettlement policy
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UDC 323.272:94(47).084.2 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/19-28
Daniil Yu. ALEKSEEV The Great Russian Socialist Revolution 1917–1922: the First Stage
The author offers his own scientific analysis of the revolutionary events of 1917 in Russia, which ended in 1922 with the creation of the USSR. He identifies 4 main stages in the great Russian Socialist revolution: 1) Bourgeois-democratic stage (February-October 1917) – its main content was the overthrow of the autocracy and the establishment of «dual power», which lasted until the October revolution. 2) The establishment of the Bolshevik dictatorship (October 1917 – January 1918) – the stage began with the overthrow of the Provisional government and ended with the dispersal of the Constituent Assembly, which led to the Civil war. 3) The civil war (January 1918 – November 1920) was an open armed confrontation between the «red» and «white», which began after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and ended with the capture of the «red» Crimea. 4) Formation of the USSR (November 1920 – December 1922) – the stage is characterized by the strengthening of Soviet power and suppression of counter-revolutionary revolts (including those in the Far East), which ends with the formation of the USSR.
Key words: political process, social revolution, February revolution, October revolution, overthrow of monarchy, Civil war, Constituent assembly, Councils, Provisional government
References
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UDC 625.7/.8(091)(571.122) doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/29-41
This article examines the history of the formation of road builder staff during the period of transport development of oil and gas fields in the North of Western Siberia. The need for the construction of transport infrastructure in oil-producing areas set the task of accelerated formation of staff for road enterprises. The author of the article focuses on the fact that under the leadership of the Soviet government, the Ministry of transport construction carried out the selection of managers, qualified engineers and workers of construction trusts that created a developed network of roads in the northern districts of Western Siberia. In the mid-1960s, the main administration personnel of the road construction enterprises was staffed in order to transfer specialists from the subordinate organizations of Glavdorstroy. The prevailing form of staff replenishment of engineering and technical workers in construction and installation trusts was employment in the workplace and transfer from the organizations of Glavdorstroy. In the late 1960s-early 1970s, the number of specialists in road organizations, trained at higher and secondary special educational institutions of Western Siberia, increased.
Key words: staffing, road builders, transport development, road construction, Western Siberia, road-building enterprises, Mintransstroy, Glavdorstroy, trust
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POLICY
UDC 339.92 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/42-53
The article explores the state of economic relations between China and North Korea for the period from 2013 to the present. The author views the dynamics of trade contacts and investment cooperation between the PRC and the DPRK in the context of gradually increasing international sanctions against North Korea. The analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the two countries was based on the official data published by the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China and estimates of research organizations of the Republic of Korea. The author separately considers the course of development of the political dialogue between China and North Korea in the specified time interval, paying particular attention to the contacts of officials at the local level during 2018. The main conclusion is that under the conditions of international sanctions, China is not afraid to maintain and develop trade contacts with the DPRK. As a result, every year the People’s Republic of China plays an increasing role in the foreign economy and politics of North Korea.
Key words: China, North Korea, trade and economic cooperation, political relations, trade, foreign direct investment, export, import, international sanctions
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UDC 327 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/54-67
In this article, the authors trace the recent improvement of bilateral ties between RF and Japan that, according to their view, was largely due to Russian President Putin and Japanese Prime Minister Abe’s strategic vision, high political aspirations and mutual trust. A thorough assessment of significant changes in their positions on the territorial problem during the last two years has been undertaken. Based on that an attempt is made to evaluate whether (in adverse geopolitical conditions in the world and the Asia-Pacific region) the achieved relatively high level of bilateral relationship is sufficient to solve a long-overdue territorial dispute in two recent years. According to the authors, there is still an ample possibility that the genuine hopes of Putin and Abe to solve the territorial dispute by the year 2021 could be fulfilled. However, signing of a Peace Treaty during the next two – three years is not historically predetermined, while Abe’s successor may have different strategic priorities.
Key words: personal features and mutual trust of President Putin and Prime Minister Abe, territorial dispute between Japan and Russia, the 1956 Joint declaration
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UDC 339.92 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/68-80
The article explores the current state and the problems of economic cooperation between Russia and Republic of Korea as part of Moon Jae-in administration’s New Northern Policy. The authors provide a brief overview of New Northern Policy formation process and offer an analysis of specific areas of bilateral cooperation widely known as Nine Bridges. Although a number of internal and external problems still remain, the authors consider trade and economic interaction as forward-looking. Within the context of unfolding inter-Korean political dialogue, Russia-DPRK-ROK trilateral projects are now becoming especially relevant. Thus, elevating ties with Russia is interesting for South Korea not only in terms of trade diversification, but also in view of Russia’s positive role in the settlement of the Korean conflict.
Key words: New Northern Policy, Republic of Korea, Russia, cooperation, Nine Bridges, DPRK, Moon Jae-in
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SOCIETY
UDC 327.7 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/81-93
On the backdrop of contemporary processes, related to development and introduction of digital technologies, one could witness formation of the new technological pattern, called the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The article is aimed at discovering emerging trends in the sphere of education development brought by the 4IR and their effects on the member-economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The work consecutively describes the impacts of the 4IR on regional processes, especially in the sphere of human resources development, analyzes current international legal and regulatory frameworks related to education development, and highlights the key trends substantiating them with examples of projects aimed at certain aspects of digital transformation of education in the APEC member-economies.
Key words: Fourth Industrial Revolution, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, digital transformation, human resources development, education technologies, education innovations.
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15. Schwab K. The fourth industrial revolution. New York: Crown, 2017 [E`lektronny`j dokument] // World Economic Forum Official Web-Site. URL: https://www.weforum.org/about/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-by-klaus-schwab (Data obrashheniya: 05.11.2018)
16. The 10 skills you need to thrive in the Fourth Industrial Revolution // World Economic Forum Official Web-Site. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-10-skills-you-need-to-thrive-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/ (data obrashheniya: 05.11.2018)
17. The Asia-Pacific Regional Strategy on Using ICT to Facilitate the Achievement of Education 2030. Seoul, Republic of Korea, 11-12 May 2017 [E`lektronny`j dokument] // UNESCO Bangkok - Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education Official Web-Site. URL: https://bangkok.unesco.org/sites/default/files/assets/article/ICT%20in%20Education/files/amfie-2017asia-pacific-regional-strategy.pdf (Data obrashheniya: 16.11.2018)
18. World Internet Users and 2018 Population Stats UNESCO Bangkok - Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education Official Web-Site // Internet World Stats Official Web-Site. URL: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm (Data obrashheniya: 08.11.2018)
UDC [502.1+379.851]:327(510+470) doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/94-112
Galina V. KONDRATENKO Cross-Border Tourism: Prospects and Challenges of Russian-Chinese Cooperation
The article highlights the problems and opportunities for crossborder cooperation in border tourism between Russia and China. The development of the tourism sector in Russia and in China reflects the strategies of economic transformation in both countries. Russia is characterized by a project-cluster approach and the development of a special federal targeted program, and the main goal is to increase the tourist flow. In China, the renewal of the tourism industry in the north-east of the country is included in the plans for the revival of the old-industrial base of Northeast China, and the development of tourism is closely related to the growth in the services sector and employment expansion. The analysis of multi-level tourism development strategies and joint documents signed in the field of humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China shows a number of interrelated problems that often go beyond the framework of bilateral cooperation and provide opportunities for the development of new areas of interaction. The rapprochement of the regional agendas of Moscow and Beijing can lead to the formation of a single «tourist space», the emergence of a common «cross-border tourism economy» and the transition of humanitarian cooperation between the two countries to a new level.
Key words: tourism industry, ecotourism, macro-region, tourist and recreational clusters, the Far East of Russia, Northeast China
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LINGUISTICS
UDC 327 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/112-117
Aleksandr N. SBOEV Dialect words in Chinese Internet communication
This article presents some new trends in the development of Chinese Internet language and particularly highlights extensive usage of dialect words in Internet communication. Using the materials of several Chinese dictionaries of Internet words and Internet words collections, the author provides the classification of dialecticisms in Chinese Internet communication. The classification is based on dialect words’ usage and forms of writing. In addition, the article is an attempt to research precedent statements of modern Chinese language in general, and Chinese Internet communication language in particular, which include dialect words, and also to provide examples of foreign borrowings that have penetrated into Internet communication through dialects. The analysis allows to demonstrate the diversity of the types of dialect words used in the modern Chinese Internet communication, and also to shape questions requiring further study.
Key words: Internet communication, Internet vocabulary, Chinese dialects, dialect words, Mandarin, precedent statements, loanwords
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OIJ CLUB
doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/119-127
Ivan Yu. ZUENKO Football as a National Idea: Chinese Dream
The report gives an overview of football development as «No. 1 sport #1» in China. The focus is put on a mismatch of China’s achievements in football and socio-economic development. This mismatch, obvious for observers, coupled with the popularity of football among the country’s leadership, poses an ambitious challenge for China – to become a competitive force in world football. However, the author is rather skeptical towards China’s perspectives. ‘The catch-up modernization’ by administrative measures is ineffective compared to practices in Western-style professional sport. And a protectionist policy towards local players makes them uncompetitive on international level.
Key words: China, football, soccer, World Cup, professional sport, modernization
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doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/128-139
Marina P. KUKLA Pyongyang, Juche 107
September 24–28, 2018 the author visited Pyongyang, DPRK, and took part in the International Scientific Conference «Development of Science and Improvement of Human Welfare», hosted by the Kim Il Sung University. This was the author’s second visit to the DPRK capital. The previous one took place in May 2015. In November 2018 the author also made a short trip to Rajin as a member of the FEFU delegation. The author shares her impressions about the current trip to Pyongyang as compared to her other visits to DPRK focusing on trends in the science sphere and socio-economic processes in North Korea.
Key words: DPRK, Pyongyang, travel notes, Kim Il Sung University, DPRK science policy, socio-economic processes in DPRK
References
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REVIEWS
doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2018-4/140-143
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